TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT PENSIONS.

Henna Tattoo: Temporary or Permanent?

Macroeconomic Fluctuations: Demand or Supply, Permanent or Temporary?

We use generalized method of moments to estimate a rational expectations aggregate demand/aggregate supply macroeconomic model for five European economies and the United States. Our aim is to examine whether supply or demand shocks have predominated in these economies during the post-war era, and whether shocks of either type have been primarily temporary or permanent in nature. The estimation ...

Stigmatized Asset Value: Is It Temporary or Permanent?*

Abstract: Stigma is a negative attribute of real estate acquired by the discovery of contamination and reflected in its value (Elliot-Jones, 1996). Using a theoretical model with external economies and adjustment costs, we show that both temporary stigma and permanent stigma are possible equilibrium outcomes after the discovery and cleanup of a hazardous waste site. The existence and duration o...

Deformable emboli and inflammation: temporary or permanent damage?

Neurologic sequelae after cardiopulmonary bypass have a multi-factorial etiology. Although it is typically thought that a neurologic dysfunction means a focal lesion, symptoms of a brain disorder can be initiated by metabolic disruption such as from hyper- or hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia, renal and hepatic injury, fatigue, and anesthesia. However, one of the most important causes of acute neurol...

Stoma Creation After Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Temporary or Permanent?

In rectal cancer surgery, creation of diverting stomas can potentially minimize the fatal outcomes of anastomotic leakage, although it may not substantially decrease its incidence [1, 2]. Several studies showing that a defunctioning stoma seems to be useful in preventing clinical anastomotic leakage and urgent reoperations in patients receiving a low anterior resection have been reported [1, 3]...